Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. According to the American Cancer Society, more than 297,000 women in the United States were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2023. While advances in treatment have improved outcomes, early detection remains key to successfully managing and treating this disease.
“Regular screening can help detect breast cancer at an earlier stage, often before it has spread,” explained Pavani Chalasani, division director for hematology and oncology at the GW Cancer Center. “Finding breast cancer early leads to better outcomes.”
Understanding breast cancer screening
Breast cancer screening aims to detect the cancer at its earliest and most treatable stage. Screening exams find disease before signs or symptoms are apparent. Most breast cancer screening modalities are noninvasive and can be done in a single office visit or even at home.
- Mammogram: This imaging test uses low-dose X-rays to examine breast tissue. It can detect tumors or precancerous abnormalities that are too small to be felt, allowing for early intervention and a higher likelihood of successful treatment.
- Clinical breast exam: A healthcare provider performs a physical examination of the breasts, checking for lumps or other abnormalities of the breast tissue and inspecting for visual changes. It's often part of a routine physical exam, especially for women at higher risk of breast cancer.
- Breast self-exams: A manual examination method where an individual checks their breasts for lumps, changes in size, shape or texture, and other abnormalities. While not a substitute for professional screenings, self-exams help in becoming familiar with one's breasts and noticing any unusual changes early.
- Other imaging tests: If a mammogram or clinical exam detects abnormal areas, the provider may order additional imaging tests like an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or an ultrasound. These tests provide more detailed pictures of the breast tissue and can help determine if a biopsy is needed. They may be used for women with dense breast tissue or a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
- Core biopsy: This procedure uses a hollow needle to remove a tissue sample from the abnormal area and examine it under a microscope for cancerous cells.
"Screening plays a vital role in detecting early, highly curable breast cancers. Over the past 30 years, breast cancer deaths have decreased by more than 50%, thanks to improved screening and advanced therapies,” said Rachel Brem, vice chair of radiology at GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences. “Women should use all available tools, including risk-based screening and breast self-exams, to maximize early detection. Annual mammograms should begin at age 40, and for women with dense breast tissue, additional screening like ultrasound or MRI is essential for detecting the earliest cancers."
Why screening matters
- Early Detection: This cannot be stated often enough—the primary goal of breast cancer screening is to detect cancer at an early stage when it is most treatable. Early detection, typically through mammography, is often less invasive and offers more treatment options. According to the American Cancer Society, women whose breast cancer is detected early have a 99%, five-year survival rate.
- Reduces Mortality: Regular screenings reduce the mortality rate associated with breast cancer significantly. A Swedish study showed that compared to women who had no screening mammograms, women who had all their scheduled mammograms had a 66% lower risk of dying from breast cancer.
- Minimizes the Need for Aggressive Treatment: When breast cancer is detected early, treatment is often less aggressive. This can mean more minor surgeries, such as lumpectomy (removing only the tumor) rather than mastectomy (removing the entire breast), and potentially avoiding chemotherapy. Early-stage cancer treatments tend to be less invasive and have fewer side effects, helping to preserve the patient’s quality of life.
- Provides Peace of Mind: Regular screenings provide reassurance. For many women, undergoing regular breast cancer screenings reduces anxiety and stress by knowing that they are actively monitoring their health. Even if a mammogram reveals a benign condition, it’s often better to have certainty than to worry about the unknown.
Who should get screened?
Breast cancer screening guidelines vary based on age, risk level and family history. The GW Breast Center recommendations for women at average risk include:
- Ages 40-44: Women in this age group have the option to start annual mammograms.
- Ages 45-54: Annual mammograms are recommended.
- Ages 55 and older: As long as they are in good health, women can continue annual screenings or switch to mammograms every two years.
Women at higher risk of breast cancer (such as those with a family history of breast cancer, genetic predispositions like BRCA mutations or previous chest radiation therapy) may need to start screening earlier and more frequently. Discussing personal risk factors and the appropriate screening schedule with a healthcare provider is essential.
"For high-risk cancer patients, vigilance is key. Being aware of personal risk factors and adhering to a regular screening schedule can make all the difference,” said Christine Teal, director of the GW Breast Center. “We offer comprehensive support for high-risk breast cancer patients through personalized care plans, advanced screening methods, and genetic counseling, and provide early detection strategies and tailored prevention options.”
What to expect during a screening
A mammogram is a relatively quick and safe procedure. During the screening, the mammography technologist positions each breast between two plates on the mammography unit, compressing the breast to take clear X-ray images. Some women may experience minor discomfort during the compression, but it is usually brief. The entire process typically takes around 20 minutes.
A radiologist reviews the results, checking for abnormal breast tissue. If something suspicious is found, further tests may be needed to determine if it's cancerous.
A lifesaving choice
Breast cancer screening is one of the most effective tools we have in the fight against breast cancer. It empowers women to take charge of their health and make informed treatment decisions. By making breast cancer screening a regular part of healthcare, women can significantly reduce their risk of late-stage cancer and improve their chances of survival. Early detection isn't just about catching cancer; it's about giving women the best chance at a long, healthy life.
Supporting the GW Comprehensive Breast Care Center
The GW Comprehensive Breast Care Center provides each patient with expert, compassionate care through a variety of preventive, diagnostic and treatment services.
Donations to the center directly support patients facing financial challenges associated with a breast cancer diagnosis. Contributions help cover essential medical expenses that may not be covered by insurance, such as prescription costs, medical supplies and travel expenses. Donor support also ensures access to crucial services like patient navigation, social work and nutrition guidance. Your generosity allows patients to receive the comprehensive, personalized care they all deserve throughout their treatment journey.